Auto-configured Data JPA Tests

You can use the @DataJpaTest annotation to test JPA applications. By default, it scans for @Entity classes and configures Spring Data JPA repositories. If an embedded database is available on the classpath, it configures one as well. SQL queries are logged by default by setting the spring.jpa.show-sql property to true. This can be disabled using the showSql attribute of the annotation.

Regular @Component and @ConfigurationProperties beans are not scanned when the @DataJpaTest annotation is used. @EnableConfigurationProperties can be used to include @ConfigurationProperties beans.

A list of the auto-configuration settings that are enabled by @DataJpaTest can be found in the appendix.

By default, data JPA tests are transactional and roll back at the end of each test. See the relevant section in the Spring Framework Reference Documentation for more details. If that is not what you want, you can disable transaction management for a test or for the whole class as follows:

Java
Kotlin

import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@DataJpaTest
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
class MyNonTransactionalTests {

	// ...

}

import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional

@DataJpaTest
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
class MyNonTransactionalTests {

	// ...

}

Data JPA tests may also inject a TestEntityManager bean, which provides an alternative to the standard JPA EntityManager that is specifically designed for tests.

TestEntityManager can also be auto-configured to any of your Spring-based test class by adding @AutoConfigureTestEntityManager. When doing so, make sure that your test is running in a transaction, for instance by adding @Transactional on your test class or method.

A JdbcTemplate is also available if you need that. The following example shows the @DataJpaTest annotation in use:

Java
Kotlin

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
class MyRepositoryTests {

	@Autowired
	private TestEntityManager entityManager;

	@Autowired
	private UserRepository repository;

	@Test
	void testExample() {
		this.entityManager.persist(new User("sboot", "1234"));
		User user = this.repository.findByUsername("sboot");
		assertThat(user.getUsername()).isEqualTo("sboot");
		assertThat(user.getEmployeeNumber()).isEqualTo("1234");
	}

}

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager

@DataJpaTest
class MyRepositoryTests(@Autowired val entityManager: TestEntityManager, @Autowired val repository: UserRepository) {

	@Test
	fun testExample() {
		entityManager.persist(User("sboot", "1234"))
		val user = repository.findByUsername("sboot")
		assertThat(user?.username).isEqualTo("sboot")
		assertThat(user?.employeeNumber).isEqualTo("1234")
	}

}

In-memory embedded databases generally work well for tests, since they are fast and do not require any installation. If, however, you prefer to run tests against a real database you can use the @AutoConfigureTestDatabase annotation, as shown in the following example:

Java
Kotlin

import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = Replace.NONE)
class MyRepositoryTests {

	// ...

}

import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
class MyRepositoryTests {

	// ...

}